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Date: April 30, 2024 Tue
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Results for supply chain
9 results foundAuthor: Ozberk, Bahattin Can Title: Mapping the Flow of Theft Endangered Goods in EU Summary: Every country in world has opportunities for different type of productions and this leads compensation. According to this, International Trade has become very important in all countries worldwide for ages; it helps the developing of the country and contributes more convenient area for the citizens. It is because nations have to live with trading. In this manner, many agreements are signed to get efficient merchandising because international trade contains many risks like intervention, political, non-acceptance, credit, war and also uncontrollable events. European Union can be considered as an agreement since its fundamental principal is free movement of people and goods. Increasing of movement of these goods around the European Union is seen as “easy pickings” by crime groups and nowadays society is facing with this criminal behavior. That motivation causes many problems for supply chain and logistics. Transportation systems are being tried to adjust as more secured while opportunity to thefts attacks to goods are rising. The complexity of this problem is tried to be solved by good reporting of incidents, pointing out the hot spots or the hot products which are related to EU. It is obvious that there is lack of good reporting or coordinating. According to this thesis a lot of work can be done in order to get brief look for the theft endangered goods which are on road and dangerous zones for theft attacks at EU. This thesis will map out specific countries, cities and positions that are particularly exposed to theft attacks. (For example, Schiphol Airport is chosen as the hottest spot and its hottest products are electronic and music devices while many reports and statistical works are being observed.) Details: Boras, Sweden: University of Boras, School of Engineering, 2010. 35p. Source: Internet Resource: Master's Essay: Accessed May 11, 2011 at: http://bada.hb.se/bitstream/2320/6566/1/Can%20%C3%96zberk.pdf Year: 2010 Country: Europe URL: http://bada.hb.se/bitstream/2320/6566/1/Can%20%C3%96zberk.pdf Shelf Number: 121591 Keywords: Cargo TheftHot ProductsStolen GoodsSupply Chain |
Author: Sustainalytics Title: Forced Labor Action Compared: Findings from Three Sectors Summary: Forced labor is a risk for all large global companies. As public awareness of forced labor in supply chains has grown, regulations requiring companies to take action have continued to emerge-businesses are being held to higher transparency and legal standards. Simply put, corporations across all sectors can no longer afford to ignore this issue. Recognizing that benchmarks can play a powerful role in encouraging companies to uphold labor standards, in 2016 KnowTheChain benchmarked 60 large global companies from three high-risk sectors (information and communications technology, food & beverage, and apparel & footwear) on the transparency of their efforts to eradicate forced labor from their global supply chains. With a combined market capitalization of more than US $4 trillion, the companies analyzed by KnowTheChain represent some of the largest companies in the world. These companies were evaluated in seven categories and received a score out of 100 possible points. Key findings across the three sectors include: - Average sector scores were below 50/100, indicating significant room for improvement across sectors. - Shockingly, there was one company in each sector that received a score of 0/100 (Belle International, Monster Beverage, Keyence), indicating a concerning lack of action. - Apparel companies tend to be more advanced, while food & beverage companies are lagging behind. This is reflective of the level of media attention and civil society pressure companies in each of the sectors have received. - Companies tend to be more advanced in developing supply chain commitments and monitoring the labor performance of first-tier suppliers. - Companies are taking limited steps to address the exploitation of migrant workers by recruitment agencies. However, it is encouraging that a number of companies across sectors have joined the Leadership Group for Responsible Recruitment (thus committing to the Employer Pays Principle) and that some industry associations are starting to take action. - Two areas with limited progress are engagement with supply chain workers and providing remedy for workers whose rights are violated. These areas both lack attention from companies as well as from business and multi-stakeholder associations. The primary goal of this report is to highlight the cross-sector findings that can benefit companies regardless of their industry. The report concludes with recommendations and good practice examples for companies, business and multi-stakeholder associations, and investors to consider as a path forward. Details: San Francisco, CA: 2018. 34p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 7, 2018 at: https://knowthechain.org/wp-content/uploads/KTC_CrossSectoralFindings_Final.pdf Year: 2017 Country: International URL: https://knowthechain.org/wp-content/uploads/KTC_CrossSectoralFindings_Final.pdf Shelf Number: 151435 Keywords: Corporations Forced Labor Private Sector Regulations Supply Chain |
Author: Ceesay, Hassoum Title: Razing Africa: Combatting Criminal Consortia in the Logging Sector Summary: Organised-crime syndicates often with connections to Chinese markets have been consolidating illegal timber exploitation in various African countries on an unprecedented and accelerating scale. This report, the result of ENACT research, analyses the layers of criminality that have come to define the logging supply chain, from extraction of rare species through to the sale of high-value timber in international markets. The report reveals how transnational organised crime allies with corrupt actors at the highest levels of states to profit from this lucrative and environmentally destructive illicit trade. ENACT research recommends for a policy-orientated investigation on organised crime in the forestry sector to be prioritized, advocating strongly for approaches targeted at disrupting these criminal consortia. Details: ENACT Programme, 2018. 32p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 25, 2018 at: https://enactafrica.org/research/research-papers/razing-africa-combatting-criminal-consortia-in-the-logging-sector Year: 2018 Country: Africa URL: https://enact-africa.s3.amazonaws.com/site/uploads/2018-09-20-research-paper-06-logging.pdf Shelf Number: 153026 Keywords: Asian MarketsEnvironmental CrimeForestry SectorIllegal LoggingIllegal Wildlife TradeIllicit TradeInternational MarketsLoggingOrganized CrimeSupply ChainTimber HarvestingTimber Theft Transnational Organized CrimeWildlife Crime |
Author: Field, Frank Title: Independent Review of the Modern Slavery Act 2015 Summary: In July 2018, the Home Secretary, at the request of the Prime Minister, announced a review of the Modern Slavery Act 2015 (the Act). The members of the Review are Frank Field MP (chairman), Maria Miller MP and the Baroness Butler-Sloss. The Review's terms of reference are set out at Annex A. We have been provided with a secretariat seconded from the Home Office to support us, and we are very grateful to them for their hard work, efficient research, and for providing us with the relevant information we need to formulate and substantiate our conclusions and recommendations. We have also secured the services of a former House of Commons Clerk who has provided independent support and advice on the drafting of our report. Although we have been set up by the Home Office, we have made it very plain to Government that we are carrying out an entirely independent review of the working of the Act. As such, the conclusions and recommendations set out in this interim report and all other reports are entirely our own. We have set up an independent website that can be found at www.independentmsareview.co.uk. We were asked to focus on four areas of the Act and produce a final report for the Home Secretary with our recommendations by the end of March 2019. These four areas are: - The Independent Anti-Slavery Commissioner (sections 40 - 44) - Transparency in supply chains (section 54) - Independent Child Trafficking Advocates (section 48) - The legal application of the Act, comprising: - The definition of exploitation (section 3) - Reparation orders (sections 8-10) - The statutory defence (section 45) Of these areas, we were invited to give our views on the Independent Anti-Slavery Commissioner and transparency in supply chains before the end of 2018. We have therefore decided to prioritise writing interim reports on these two issues, and this is the first such report. In accordance with our terms of reference, this report addresses the question: "how to ensure the independence of the Anti-Slavery Commissioner". Details: London, U.K.: Home Secretary, 2018. 33p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed December 18, 2018 at: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/modern-slavery-act-2015-review-first-interim-report?utm_source=70d9df3e-7125-4243-bca5-b7a621b2edb3&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=govuk-notifications&utm_content=immediate Year: 2018 Country: United Kingdom URL: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/765256/independent-msa-review-interim-report-1-iasc.pdf Shelf Number: 154068 Keywords: Child TraffickingExploitationHuman TraffickingModern Slavery ActReparation OrdersSupply ChainTransparency |
Author: Idris, Iffat Title: Role of Business in Tackling Modern Slavery in Supply Chains Summary: Key findings: Not much research has been done on business supply chain management and modern slavery: The available literature is extremely limited. Pressures on companies to tackle modern slavery in supply chains are increasing: These include growing consumer concerns about the issue, fears of reputational damage, the potential for companies to charge more for 'slave free' ethical products, and increasing government regulation. It is not easy to identify modern slavery in supply chains: The complexity of these chains, the different forms of modern slavery, its often transient nature, and active efforts by those involved to conceal it, make it hard to detect. Companies can have vested interests in not tackling it and can even fuel it: Companies benefit hugely from cost savings through use of modern slavery so could be unwilling to tackle it. More worrying, the power asymmetry between large multinationals at the top of the supply chain and lower tier suppliers could create the conditions that lead to use of modern slavery by the latter. Based on this analysis, modern slavery is not an aberration but a normal part of the system. Once detected, responding to modern slavery in supply chains is challenging for firms: The literature is clear that withdrawing from a region/country would make the situation worse. Companies can adopt a multi-stakeholder approach to address modern slavery, but working with a diverse range of unfamiliar actors, each with their own priorities and perspectives, could be difficult. A second option is working at community level to improve local conditions, and a third is engaging with suppliers and supporting their development so they produce goods without using slave labour. Focus in initiatives to date is on identification rather than on tackling modern slavery: California's 2010 Transparency in Supply Chain Act and the 2015 UK Modern Slavery Act are examples of legislation to promote supply chain transparency. However, these only require firms to report on efforts to tackle slavery and do not mandate action to curb it. The International Cocoa Initiative in West Africa takes a multi-stakeholder approach to curbing modern slavery in cocoa production, while IKEA is an example of a retailer promoting supplier development. The bulk of initiatives to date have come from government rather than business. Details: Brighton, UK: Institute of Development Studies, 2017. 15p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed January 11, 2019 at: https://gsdrc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/K4D_HDQ87.pdf Year: 2017 Country: International URL: https://gsdrc.org/publications/role-business-tackling-modern-slavery-supply-chains/ Shelf Number: 154117 Keywords: IKEAInternational Cocoa Initiative in West AfricaModern SlaveryMultinational CorporationsSlave FreeSlave LaborSupply Chain |
Author: Environment Agency (United Kingdom) Title: Novel Approaches to Waste Crime Summary: Executive Summary The European Pathway to Zero Waste (EPOW) programme has eight actions, five of which are led by the Environment Agency and three by WRAP who took over from the South East England Development Agency in April 2011. One of the actions under the programme is assessing and reporting on novel approaches to tackling waste crime which aims to demonstrate the effectiveness of new public sector led approaches to reducing waste crime and supporting new markets for the reuse of recovered materials. This study reports on the outcomes from a pilot of the best novel approaches. Environmental crime is a high priority area for European Member States; tackling the issue are international networks, working groups and organisations that include the European Commission, Interpol, Europol, Member State regulatory agents and a wide range of specific task force groups. These bodies are set up to deliver programmes that address and implement waste crime reduction measures. In its 2011 EU Organised Crime Threat Assessment Report however, Europol notes that "substantial intelligence gaps (in the area of waste crime) preclude comprehensive assessment of organised crime activity in this area". The intelligence on European waste crime notes: - Illegal waste activities within the EU are organised and sophisticated networks with clear division of roles with some organised gangs making billions of Euros per year; - Waste brokers feeding these networks can also be part of and embedded within the legal waste management system, appearing to be operating legitimate businesses; - Complexity in the legal waste management system facilitates rather than prevents criminal activity; and - There are substantial financial burdens borne by affected Member States (e.g. those where the illegal dumping and disposal are occurring), which intelligence suggests to be south-east and eastern Member States plus those countries that share a border with these Member States (e.g. Albania). As a consequence of globalisation, enhanced market development and trade outside the EU, the flow of waste around Europe and outside its borders has become larger, more complex and significantly more costly to police. Rises in the number of conventions, Directives and state laws have, to some degree and with varying success, been instruments to ensure proper re-use, recovery, recycling and disposal of wastes. Waste recovery, management and disposal remains a sector where illegal activity and criminal organisations freely operate, often making large financial gains from their activities to the detriment of legitimate businesses, the common market and society at large. This document, focusing on the reused and recovered waste tyre market, reports on the current size of the EU, UK and South East of England tyre market, followed by a number of public sector led case studies illustrating novel approaches to reducing waste tyre crime. This study has identified that there are several commonly accepted motivators for tyre crime including: financial gain, convenience, opportunism, market dynamics/demand, lack of a threat of being caught and lenient sentences/punishment for offences. The novel approaches identified as part of this study commonly use an intelligence-led approach, whereby data gathered proactively is used to tackle crime on a number of fronts. Novel approaches can involve new partnerships, new approaches and intervention points, sharing of information and multi-agency collaboration, targeting different players in the supply chain and pairing crime enforcement action with awareness raising to stop crime occurring. It also involves mechanisms to support secondary waste market development, tackling one of the key sources - the waste itself - making it a valuable resource rather than a material to discard at lowest cost. The intelligence-led approach is now a widely accepted methodology for profiling organised waste crime and coordinating surveillance, awareness-raising and ultimately building a case for enforcement and prosecution. The case studies examined within this report use this intelligence-led approach to help tackle waste crime - they go beyond reactive policing. The demonstrable advantages of this approach include multi-agency collaboration giving access to pooled resources with greater breadth and depth, sharing intelligence and information to take fast action on emerging crime problems, engaging with and gathering knowledge from the general public and businesses and making decisions on allocating resources where the best outcomes can be anticipated. Details: Reading, UK: Environment Agency, 2012. 66p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed January 20, 2019 at: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/289927/geho0312bwdy-e-e.pdf Year: 2012 Country: United Kingdom URL: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/novel-approaches-to-waste-crime Shelf Number: 154277 Keywords: Case StudiesCriminal NetworksEnvironmental CrimeEuropean Pathway to Zero Waste (EPOW)EuropolIllegal DumpingIllegal WasteIntelligence-LedInteragency CollaborationOrganized Crime Threat Assessment ReportSupply ChainTire MarketUnited KingdomWaste CrimeWaste Recovery |
Author: O'Driscoll, Dylan Title: Overview of Child Labour in the Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining Sector in Asia and Africa Summary: Abstract This helpdesk report addreses these questions: What data is available regarding the numbers of children involved? What are the supply chains? What data is available regarding the type of child labour involved in mining? What are the positive and negative implications of child labour? This rapid review synthesises data from academic, policy, and non governmental organisation sources on child labour in the artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) sector in Asia and Africa. ASM refers to small groups engaged in low-cost, low-tech, labour-intensive excavation and processing of minerals. Therefore, a clear distinction can be made between industrial and large-scale (usually licensed) mining on the one hand, and artisanal and small-scale (often unlicensed) mining on the other. Small-scale mining also includes all lower segments of mining (both non-mechanised and mechanised) that are not conventional industrial mining operations. Children engage in a range of tasks in ASM, however not all of them are considered dangerous and often mirror the tasks they would undertake in agriculture. This is where there is a debate between agencies such as International Labour Organization (ILO) and the UN, who consider all forms of child labour in mining the worst form, and academics, who argue the case is more complex. Moreover, ILO and the UN argue that child labour in mining prevents children from going to school, when many academics argue it often enables them to afford school. Academics tend to examine the cultural and societal elements of children working more generally within the context, whereas these larger agencies use a broader Western concept of childhood when examining child labour in mining, which can have implications for policy. K4D helpdesk reports provide summaries of current research, evidence and lessons learned. This report was commissioned by the UK Department for International Development. Details: Brighton, U.K.: Institute of Development Studies, 2017. 23p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 21, 2019 at: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5a5f34feed915d7dfb57d02f/209-213-Child-labour-in-mining.pdf Year: 2017 Country: International URL: https://www.gov.uk/dfid-research-outputs/overview-of-child-labour-in-the-artisanal-and-small-scale-mining-sector-in-asia-and-africa Shelf Number: 155136 Keywords: Africa Artisanal Sector Asia Child Exploitation and Abuse Child Labor Child Trafficking Small-Scale Mining Supply Chain |
Author: Field, Frank Title: Independent Review of the Modern Slavery Act. Third interim report: Independent Child Trafficking Advocates Summary: In July 2018, the Home Secretary, at the request of the Prime Minister, announced a review of the Modern Slavery Act 2015. The members of the review are Frank Field MP (chairman), Maria Miller MP and the Baroness Butler-Sloss. You can read the review's terms of reference. This is the third interim report from the review. As part of the review, the members were invited to give their views on the Independent Child Trafficking Advocates scheme. This report looks at the question of how to ensure the right support for child victims given the changing profile of child trafficking. The report includes findings and a summary of recommendations. Details: London: Ministry of Justice, 2019. 40p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed March 25, 2019 at: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/788251/Independent_MSA_Review_Interim_Report_3_-_ICTAs__2_.pdf Year: 2019 Country: United Kingdom URL: In July 2018, the Home Secretary, at the request of the Prime Minister, announced a review of the Modern Slavery Act 2015. The members of the review are Frank Field MP (chairman), Maria Miller MP and the Baroness Butler-Sloss Shelf Number: 155152 Keywords: Child Sexual Exploitation Child Trafficking Human Trafficking Modern Slavery Act Reparation Orders Supply Chain |
Author: Jakobsson, Linda Scott Title: Copper with a Cost: Human Rights and Environmental Risks in the Mineral Supply Chains of ICT: A Case Study from Zambia Summary: Information and Communication Technology (ICT) products, such as smartphones and laptops, are commonly produced through complex supply chains that are characterised by low transparency and traceability. The supply chain involves many business intermediaries, from mineral extraction to finished product, making it difficult for consumers to know the source of minerals present in their ICT devices and if they are associated with conflict and human rights impacts. In this report, Swedwatch presents findings from an investigation on human rights risks and impacts associated with large-scale mining of copper, a mineral that is an essential component of ICT products. Swedwatch focused its research on Zambia, one of the largest copper producing and exporting countries in the world. Mineral extraction is associated with human rights risks and impacts affecting local communities surrounding mining areas, including environmental degradation, forced evictions and fueling of conflict. Companies within the ICT sector have taken steps to address risks associated with so-called "conflict minerals" - tin, tantalum, tungsten and gold (3TG) and to an emerging degree cobalt. However, there are indications that address of salient human rights risks connected to the extraction of other minerals present in global ICT supply chains, such as copper, has fallen short and risk undermining the realization of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Based on Swedwatch research findings, this report highlights impacts associated with 1) water contamination due to mining activities and 2) resettlement of communities following the establishment of a new mine. Due in part to weak public institutions and government oversight, low enforcement of law, high poverty rates and widespread corruption, Zambia should be considered a high-risk context for mineral extraction in regards to human rights and the environment. As foreign direct investments in land-use projects such as mining have increased, so has the displacement of communities living off the land - often without adequate consultation and compensation. Mining in the country has also been associated with environmental pollution of water, soil and air. In Swedwatch's first case study in the district of Chingola, there are strong indications that Konkola Copper Mines Plc.'s (KCM) mining operations have polluted waterways utilized by local communities for drinking, fishing, cooking and irrigating crops. Swedwatch's findings indicate that this has affected community members in the village of Shimulala with adverse impacts on income-levels and livelihoods. Findings also suggest that farmers from the Chabanyama community lost their livelihoods when KCM deposited mine waste onto their farmland, which polluted the soil in the area and impacted crop yields. Due to loss of livelihoods, community members in Chabanyama and Shimulala experience impacts on food security and parents are unable to send children to school as income levels have decreased. Swedwatch's findings indicate that KCM's mining operations have caused impacts on the human right to clean water as stipulated in the declaration by the UN General Assembly, making the water unsafe and of an unacceptable quality. The case highlights how clean water is a prerequisite to the enjoyment of other human rights and how impacts from mining on water risk to multiply in effect. In Swedwatch's second case study in the Kalumbila district, common challenges were noted in regard to the establishment of new mining operations in rural, low-income areas with low levels of governmental presence and investments. The establishment of the Sentinel copper mine - fully owned by a subsidiary to First Quantum Minerals Limited (FQM) - led to the resettlement of community members into two separate areas. Swedwatch's findings indicate that although FQM has provided compensation and community programmes, the company has not sufficiently managed to restore community members' livelihoods. There are also indications that social networks and norms have been impacted negatively. Findings further suggest that in-migration has led to over-enrollment in schools and potentially increased teen pregnancies, prostitution and crime rates. High expectations and the feeling of being cheated of employment and other opportunities among community members interviewed, also raise questions about the level at which FQM's management of expectations and information distribution has been effective. Swedwatch's findings suggest that there is a need for the ICT sector as a whole to enhance human rights due diligence efforts beyond the scope of 3TG and cobalt and include copper and other high-risk materials. Further, ICT companies should address impacts beyond conflict and child labour and report on their copper supply chains. Companies along the ICT supply chain play an important role to contribute in a positive way to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the fulfilment of the 17 UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). If ICT companies keep a too narrow focus and scope of minerals in their human rights due diligence efforts, they risk undermining the realization of SDGs. Details: Stockholm, Sweden: Swed Watch, 2019. 36p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 21, 2019 at: https://swedwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/94_Zambia_uppslag.pdf Year: 2019 Country: Zambia URL: https://swedwatch.org/en/uncategorized/investigation-zambia-highlights-human-rights-risks-mining-ict-minerals/ Shelf Number: 156927 Keywords: Child Labor Conflict Minerals Copper Environmental Crime Exploited Labor Food Security Human Rights Abuses Mining Pollution Supply Chain |